What You Need to Know About Prostate Cancer Screening

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men in the United States, with approximately one in eight men receiving a diagnosis in their lifetime (National Cancer Institute, 2023). While the disease most frequently occurs later in life, early detection can play a critical role in treatment outcomes. That’s why understanding your risk and talking with your doctor about screening options is so important. 

Understanding the Risk 

Prostate cancer develops in the prostate, a small walnut-shaped gland that produces seminal fluid. Risk factors for prostate cancer may vary, but include age, family history, race and lifestyle. Men over the age of 50 are generally encouraged to begin discussions with their healthcare provider about screening. However, men with a family history of prostate cancer or who are African American may benefit from earlier and more frequent or earlier screening (National Cancer Institute, 2023). 

“Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men.” said Dr. Anderson, the Medical Director and a primary care physician at the Gunnison Valley Health Family Medicine Clinic. “Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is a blood test that can help find prostate cancer early, before symptoms appear. Finding cancer early may lower the chance of dying from prostate cancer for some men, especially those between ages 50 and 69, or those at higher risk.  The American Urological Association, the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the American Cancer Society all recommend making this decision together with a healthcare provider. This process is called shared decision-making.  If you have questions or concerns, please ask.” 

How Is Prostate Cancer Detected? 

There are two primary screening methods for prostate cancer: 

• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This simple blood test measures the level of PSA—a protein produced by the prostate—in your bloodstream. Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of cancer, though other conditions like infection or benign enlargement can also cause an increase. 
• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): During this exam, a provider checks the prostate through the rectal wall to detect abnormalities in size, shape, or texture. 

These tests do not diagnose prostate cancer directly but can help identify when further evaluation, such as imaging or a biopsy, may be necessary. Screening decisions should be made in partnership with your primary care provider, taking into account personal risk factors and health goals (Mayo Clinic, 2024). 

Local Resources: Care Close to Home 

At Gunnison Valley Health, we understand that accessing preventive care in a rural community can be challenging. That’s why we are proud to offer several programs that help remove barriers to essential cancer screenings. 

One recent initiative is the Cancer Screening Access Fund, created in partnership with the Gunnison Valley Health Foundation, Living Journeys and Gunnison Tough. This fund offers up to $2,000 per eligible applicant to cover the costs associated with prostate, colon, lung, and uterine cancer screenings. The fund ensures that cost is not a barrier to lifesaving early detection. 

Additionally, community members can take advantage of low-cost PSA testing at our annual Blood Draw Wellness Fair, scheduled this year for August 19–21 at Fred Field at the Rodeo Fairgrounds in Gunnison. For those unable to attend, our skilled laboratory team offers PSA testing year-round through our Family Medicine Clinic and Laboratory Services. 

Take the First Step 

Early detection starts with a conversation. If you or a loved one are in the 45–75 age range, consider speaking with a primary care provider about your risk and whether screening is right for you. 

To schedule an appointment, call the Gunnison Valley Health Family Medicine Clinic at (970) 642-8413 or visit www.gunnisonvalleyhealth.org.